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Nightfall’s Up to Speed on AI and Deep Learning 1/21/20

by
Michael Osakwe
,
January 21, 2020
Nightfall’s Up to Speed on AI and Deep Learning 1/21/20Nightfall’s Up to Speed on AI and Deep Learning 1/21/20
Michael Osakwe
January 21, 2020

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New developments

Research

  • Smart Data based Ensemble for Imbalanced Big Data Classification
    (arXiv)
    Big Data scenarios pose a new challenge to traditional data mining algorithms since they are not prepared to work with such amount of data. Smart Data refers to data of enough quality to improve the outcome from a data mining algorithm. Existing data mining algorithms inability to handle Big Datasets prevents the transition from Big to Smart Data. Experiments carried out in 21 Big Datasets have proved that the authors’ ensemble classifier outperforms classic machine learning models with an added data balancing method, such as Random Forests.
  • Identifying Table Structure in Documents using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks
    (arXiv)
    Hierarchically-related data is rendered as tables, and extracting information from tables in such documents presents a significant challenge. The authors propose a top-down approach, first using a conditional generative adversarial network to map a table image into a standardized skeleton table form denoting approximate row and column borders without table content, then deriving latent table structure using xy-cut projection and Genetic Algorithm optimization. 
  • Modeling and solving the multimodal car- and ride-sharing problem
    (arXiv)
    The authors introduce the multimodal car-and ride-sharing problem (MMCRP), in which a pool of cars is used to cover a set of ride requests, while uncovered requests are assigned to other modes of transport (MOT). The problem can be formulated as a vehicle scheduling problem. In order to solve the problem, an auxiliary graph is constructed in which each trip starting and ending in a depot, and covering possible ride-shares, is modeled as an edge in a time-space graph. They propose a two-layer decomposition algorithm based on column generation, where the master problem ensures that each request can only be covered at most once, and the pricing problem generates new promising routes by solving a kind of shortest path problem in a time-space network.
  • Beyond Near- and Long-Term: Towards a Clearer Account of Research Priorities in AI Ethics and Society
    (arXiv)
    One way of carving up the broad "AI ethics and society" research space that has emerged in recent years is to distinguish between "near-term" and "long-term" research. While such ways of breaking down the research space can be useful, we put forward several concerns about the near/long-term distinction gaining too much prominence in how research questions and priorities are framed. We highlight some ambiguities and inconsistencies in how the distinction is used and argue that while there are differing priorities within this broad research community, these differences are not well-captured by the near/long-term distinction. 
  • Should Artificial Intelligence Governance be Centralised? Design Lessons from History
    (arXiv)
    The authors draw on the history of other international regimes to identify advantages and disadvantages in centralizing AI governance. Some considerations, such as efficiency and political power, speak in favor of centralization. Conversely, the risk of creating a slow and brittle institution speaks against it, as does the difficulty in securing participation while creating stringent rules. Other considerations depend on the specific design of a centralized institution. Centralization entails trade-offs and the details matter.
  • The Penetration of Internet of Things in Robotics: Towards a Web of Robotic Things
    (arXiv)
    Some of the benefits of IoT in robotics have been discussed in related work. This paper moves one step further, studying the actual current use of IoT in robotics, through various real-world examples encountered through bibliographic research. The paper also examines the potential of WoT, together with robotic systems, investigating which concepts, characteristics, architectures, hardware, software and communication methods of IoT are used in existing robotic systems, which sensors and actions are incorporated in IoT-based robots, as well as in which application areas. Finally, the current application of WoT in robotics is examined and discussed.

AI and ML in Society

  • The Problem with Hiring Algorithms
    (Machine Learning Times)
    Brian Gallagher of NYU’s Ethical Systems summarizes the status of facial recognition and other types of analytics used to assess potential employees in interviews as well as whether or not they function as intended.

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